Which is The Most Abundant Factor of Production in India?

Whereas production, of wheat has increased manifold over the years but production of pulses is- almost stable. Production of pulses has increased form 10 to 11 between the years 1965 to 2001. But that of wheat has increased from 10 to 70 between the years 1965 to 2001. Therefore, to grow more from’ the same land is the only way of increasing production. To grow more from the same land is possible only through well developed irrigation.

Therefore, one must take care of the environment to ensure future development of agriculture. HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water, chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results. Higher yields were possible only from a combination. Of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides etc. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modem farming method in India. The farmers in these regions set up tubewells for irrigation and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilisers and pesticides.

The use of higher yields with combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc. refers to _______ . To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is called _______ . What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Farmers need money for inputs like seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and repair of tools, etc. From your field visit find out at what rate of interest do farmers borrow when they need money for inputs.

Describe the role of the most abundant factor of production is capital in the production process. Name two investment that can improve the quality of human capital. Crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season. Excessive use of pesticides, insecticides, chemical fertilisers pollute the surface water as well as air. The second requirement is labour. Labour is another important requirement for the production of goods and services.

h Class Social 9th Lesson Rampur: A Village Economy 4 Marks Important Questions and Answers

Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try modern farming methods in India. Modern farming methods also help to increase the yield per hectare. Multiple Cropping When more than one crop is grown on a piece of land during the year it is known as multiple cropping. Answer Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation because water is very essential for agriculture. Kareem has also employed educated and qualified computer teachers, whereas Mishrilal’s labour is mainly unskilled labour. There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur, so people agree to work for low wages.

• A part of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once every year.
• The crops which are grown in the winter season i.e., November or December and harvested in summer i.e., April or May.
• During the last 30 years irrigation and production methods have undergone a drastic change.
• So, they do not have any surplus to sell in the market.

As these require little land and some capital, entrepreneurs should be encouraged. To connect more and more villages to towns and cities through good roads. 80 upper-caste families own the majority of land in Rampur village. Banks should provide loans at low interest rates so that the poor villagers can start some business to help them earn a living. Dairy is a common activity in many families of our region.

The working capital required by the farmer using modem farming method is chemical fertilizers, pesticides and HYV seeds. Also they require good irrigation system. The HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are prepared in industries and therefore are costlier than traditional seeds and natural fertilizers. For developing a good irrigation system a farmer needs to get electric-run tubewells and electricity connection. Therefore, capital too is a scarce factor of production, particularly for the small farmers.

The Story of Village Palampur

It helps us to improve the farming pattern or adopt modern farming methods in those areas. Hence, I request you place it in front of the government, write – off the old loans and give them the new loans. I hope you provide immediate help to the farmers without loss to them to grow the crop this year. To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the same year is called multiple cropping. Some also used farm machinery like tractors and threshers, which made ploughing and harvesting faster. They were rewarded with high yields of wheat, increasing from 1300 kg per hectare to 3200 kg per hectare with HYV seeds.

Human capital-The fourth requirement of production is human capital. Also, some of the farmers buy farm machinery like, tractors and tubewells which make ploughing and harvesting faster. For all the above-mentioned things a farmer requires good cash. Therefore, we can say that modern farming methods require the farmer to start with more cash than before. Savita required money for buying seeds, fertilisers and pesticides, and water for irrigation. She also needed money for repairing her farm instruments.

b) Raw materials and money in hand

Tejpal Singh agrees to give Savita the loan at an interest rate of 24 per cent for four months which is a very high interest rate. Savita also has to promise to work on his field as farm labourer during the harvest season at Rs 35 per day. The medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming.They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed. It is the most common way to increase production on a given piece of land.

• HYV seeds, however, needed plenty.
• The land available for cultivation is practically fixed.
• Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.
• Answer Kishora is involved in the following production activities.
• There exists no further scope to increase farm production by bringing new land under cultivation.

A few people are involved as shopkeepers and traders who buy various goods from the wholesale market in the cities and sell them in the villages. Question 13.What are the non farm activities taking place in your region ? On talking to two old residents Ramlal and Dharam Singh I came to know about the irrigation methods that were traditionally in use in our area. They told me that earlier they were dependent on rainfall and later on they started to use the Persian wheel to draw water from the wells. With development of technology, tube wells were used for more better and effective irrigation.

High school students have started attending them in good numbers. Answer The labour is provided by him and his family. Otherwise he will employ landless labourers. What happens to farmer 3 in year 3? What will he have to do to continue production. Thus, we can say that the Green Revolution was more successful in increasing the production of wheat as compared to pulses.

When are they sown and harvested? Mention some necessary conditions for multiple cropping. They also use savings for lending to small farmers and other persons in the village. The large farmers generally sell the surplus farm products and have good earnings.

The first few tubewells were installed by the government. Soon, however, farmers started setting up private tubewells. As a result, by mid 1970’s the entire cultivated area of 200 hectares (ha.) was irrigated.

Labour being the most abundant factor of production, it would be ideal if the new ways of farming used much more labour.

Can you guess why mishrilal is unable to increase his profit. People migrate form rural to urban areas in search of jobs. The migrants of Gosaipur and Majauli perform labour work at the place of destination. They work in brick making units, as a labourer in building construction, they become rikshawpullers or work as helpers in shops and small restaurants. The following table 1.1 shows the and under cultivation in India in units of million Hectares. On the other hand, more than half the area of the village is covered by plots that are quite large in size.

A part of their earnings is saved and kept to arrange for the working capital for farming in the next season. As working capital for farming in the next season. They come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land. The moneylenders and traders charge a high rate of interest from the farmers.

They are cultivating the remaining 52% of the land. As per the data, 87% of the total farmers, i.e. small farmers are cultivating only 48% of the total land. Mention the factors of production and explain any two of them. Many families in my region are engaged in milk production.

Different farmers have different sources of capital. Most of the small farmers borrow money from large farmers or the village money-lenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation. The rate of interest oh such loans is very high.

Another thing which is. essentiahfor expansion of non-farm activities is to have markets where goods and services produced can be sold. Villages can be connected to towns and cities through good roads, transport and telephone. Modem farming methods require high yielding varieties of seeds. Compared to the traditional seeds, HYV seeds needed plenty of water and also chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.

Mishrilal sells his jaggery to traders in Shahpur because it is the nearest market. Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit because’he manufactures jaggery at very small scale. Also, he does not sell it directly into the market but through middlemen. Because of the increasing population land has been divided and sub-divided between different people. As a result size of land holdings has decreased.

They are put to great distress to repay the loan, which is not so in the case of medium and large farmers. The production of wheat of the first farmer increased from 100 to 160. As a result the same piece of land would now produce far larger quantities of foodgrains than was possible earlier. HYV seeds, however, needed plenty. Some farming practices can, if used carefully and judiciously, certainly help in making land sustainable. Such practices include intensity of cropping, rotation of crops, multiple cropping, fallowing etc.

Yield-A crop produced on a given piece of land during a single season is called a yield. Multiple cropping-To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. Kharif crops-Crops grown during, rainy season are called as Kharif crops.

The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the green revolution in units of million tonnes. Was the green revolution equally successful for both the crops discuss. Persian wheels were, till then, used by farmers to draw water from the wells and to irrigate small fields. People saw that the electric-run tubewells could irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively. Out of every 100 workers in the rural areas in India, only 24 are engaged in non-farming activities. There is a variety of non-farming activities in the villages.

But there is one constraint on it. Land area under cultivation is practically fixed. There has been no expansion in land area under cultivation since 1960. By then, some of the wastelands in the village had been converted to cultivable land. There exists no further scope to increase farm production by bringing new land under cultivation.

AnswerThe shaded rectangles with boundaries show the land cultivated by small farmers. Fill the following table based on the information on the crops grown in your region. It has increased the production on the same pieces of land which produces large quantities of food grains than it was produced earlier.

Out of every 100 workers in the rural areas in, India, only 24 are engaged in non-farm activities. Though there is a Variety of non-farm activities in the village, the number of people employed in each is quite small. Unlike farming, non-farm activities require little land. People with some amount of capital can set up non-farm activities. Raw materials and money in hand-Production requires a variety of raw materials such as the yarn used by weaver and the clay used by the potter.